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3.7 MEMORY Command
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The linker’s default configuration permits allocation of all availablememory. You can override this by using the MEMORY command.
The MEMORY command describes the location and size of blocks ofmemory in the target. You can use it to describe which memory regionsmay be used by the linker, and which memory regions it must avoid. Youcan then assign sections to particular memory regions. The linker willset section addresses based on the memory regions, and will warn aboutregions that become too full. The linker will not shuffle sectionsaround to fit into the available regions.
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A linker script may contain many uses of the MEMORY command,however, all memory blocks defined are treated as if they werespecified inside a single MEMORY command. The syntax forMEMORY is:
The name is a name used in the linker script to refer to theregion. The region name has no meaning outside of the linker script.Region names are stored in a separate name space, and will not conflictwith symbol names, file names, or section names. Each memory regionmust have a distinct name within the MEMORY command. However you canadd later alias names to existing memory regions with the REGION_ALIAScommand.
The attr string is an optional list of attributes that specifywhether to use a particular memory region for an input section which isnot explicitly mapped in the linker script. As described inSECTIONS, if you do not specify an output section for some inputsection, the linker will create an output section with the same name asthe input section. If you define region attributes, the linker will usethem to select the memory region for the output section that it creates.
The attr string must consist only of the following characters:
Read-only section
Read/write section
Executable section
Allocatable section
Initialized section
Same as ‘I’
Invert the sense of any of the attributes that follow
If an unmapped section matches any of the listed attributes other than‘!’, it will be placed in the memory region. The ‘!’attribute reverses the test for the characters that follow, so that anunmapped section will be placed in the memory region only if it doesnot match any of the attributes listed afterwards. Thus an attributestring of ‘RW!X’ will match any unmapped section that has eitheror both of the ‘R’ and ‘W’ attributes, but only as long asthe section does not also have the ‘X’ attribute.
The origin is an numerical expression for the start address ofthe memory region. The expression must evaluate to a constant and itcannot involve any symbols. The keyword ORIGIN may beabbreviated to org or o (but not, for example,ORG).
The len is an expression for the size in bytes of the memoryregion. As with the origin expression, the expression mustbe numerical only and must evaluate to a constant. The keywordLENGTH may be abbreviated to len or l.
In the following example, we specify that there are two memory regionsavailable for allocation: one starting at ‘0’ for 256 kilobytes,and the other starting at ‘0x40000000’ for four megabytes. Thelinker will place into the ‘rom Trimble navigation driver download. ’ memory region every section whichis not explicitly mapped into a memory region, and is either read-onlyor executable. The linker will place other sections which are notexplicitly mapped into a memory region into the ‘ram’ memoryregion.
Once you define a memory region, you can direct the linker to placespecific output sections into that memory region by using the‘>region’ output section attribute. For example, if you havea memory region named ‘mem’, you would use ‘>mem’ in theoutput section definition. Drivers spectralink usb devices. See Output Section Region. If no addresswas specified for the output section, the linker will set the address tothe next available address within the memory region. If the combinedoutput sections directed to a memory region are too large for theregion, the linker will issue an error message.
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It is possible to access the origin and length of a memory in anexpression via the ORIGIN(memory) andLENGTH(memory) functions:
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