Element Molybdenum - Mo
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Comprehensive data on the chemical element Molybdenum is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Molybdenum. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.
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Overview of Molybdenum
Molybdenum-96 (not Mo-96) or Mo 96 42 has 42 protons and 54 neutrons. The atomic number is number of protons The mass number minus the atomic number is number of neutrons.
- Molybdenum (Mo) is a silvery-white metal that has the atomic number 42 in the periodic table. It is a Transition metal and located in Group 6 of the periodic table. It has the symbol Mb. Molybdenum does not occur naturally in the the earth’s crust instead bring bonded in ores.
- Element 42 of Periodic table is Molybdenum with atomic number 42, atomic weight 95.94. Molybdenum, symbol Mo, has a Body Centered Cubic structure and Gray color. Molybdenum is a transition metal element.
- Atomic Number: 42
- Group: 6
- Period: 5
- Series: Transition Metals
Molybdenum's Name in Other Languages
- Latin: Molybdaenum
- Czech: Molybden
- Croatian: Molibden
- French: Molybdéne
- German: Molybdän - r
- Italian: Molibdeno
- Norwegian: Molybden
- Portuguese: Molibdênio
- Russian: Молибден
- Spanish: Molibdeno
- Swedish: Molybden
Atomic Structure of Molybdenum
- Atomic Radius: 2.01Å
- Atomic Volume: 9.4cm3/mol
- Covalent Radius: 1.3Å
- Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) σa/barns: 2.6
- Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered
- Electron Configuration:
- 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p6d5 5s1
- Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,13,1
- Shell Model
- Shell Model
- Ionic Radius: 0.65Å
- Filling Orbital: 4d5
- Number of Electrons (with no charge): 42
- Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 54
- Number of Protons: 42
- Oxidation States:6,5,4,3,2
- Valence Electrons: 4d5 5s1
- Electron Dot Model
- Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Molybdenum
- Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.8949g/amp-hr
- Electron Work Function: 4.6eV
- Electronegativity: 2.16 (Pauling); 1.3 (Allrod Rochow)
- Heat of Fusion: 32kJ/mol
- Incompatibilities:
- Strong oxidizers
- Ionization Potential
- First: 7.099
- Second: 16.461
- Third: 27.16
- Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 88.6
List Of Elements By Atomic Number
Physical Properties of Molybdenum
- Atomic Mass Average: 95.94
- Boiling Point: 4885K 4612°C 8334°F
- Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 5.43E-6
- Conductivity
- Electrical: 0.187 106/cm Ω
Thermal: 1.38 W/cmK
- Electrical: 0.187 106/cm Ω
- Density: 10.22g/cc @ 300K
- Description:
- Hard silvery-white transition metal.
- Elastic Modulus:
- Bulk: 261.2/GPa
- Rigidity: 125.6/GPa
- Youngs: 324.8/GPa
- Enthalpy of Atomization: 653 kJ/mole @ 25°C
- Enthalpy of Fusion: 27.61 kJ/mole
- Enthalpy of Vaporization: 594.1 kJ/mole
- Flammablity Class: Combusrible Solid in powder form
- Freezing Point:see melting point
- Hardness Scale
- Brinell: 1500 MN m-2
- Mohs: 5.5
- Vickers: 1530 MN m-2
- Heat of Vaporization: 598kJ/mol
- Melting Point: 2890K 2617°C 4743°F
- Molar Volume: 9.41 cm3/mole
- Optical Reflectivity: 58%
- Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
- Specific Heat: 0.25J/gK
- Vapor Pressure = 3.47Pa@2617°C
Regulatory / Health
- CAS Number
- 7439-98-7
- RTECS: QA4680000
- OSHAPermissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- TWA: 15 mg/m3
- OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
- TWA: 10 mg/m3
- NIOSHRecommended Exposure Limit (REL)
- IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
- Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
- Target Organs: Eyes, respiratory system, liver, kidneys
- Levels In Humans:
Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.- Blood/mg dm-3: 0.001
- Bone/p.p.m: <0.7
- Liver/p.p.m: 1.3-5.8
- Muscle/p.p.m: 0.018
- Daily Dietary Intake: 0.05-0.35 mg
- Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 5 mg
Who / Where / When / How
- Discoverer: Carl Wilhelm ScheeleP.J. Hjelm
- Discovery Location: Uppsala Sweden
- Discovery Year: 1781
- Name Origin:
- Greek: molubdos (lead).
- Abundance of Molybdenum:
- Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 1.5
- Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.01
- Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
- Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 145
- Sources of Molybdenum:
- Found in the minerals molybdenite (MoS2) and wulfenite (MoO4Pb) also produced as a by-product of copper production. Annual world wide production is around 80,000 tons. Primary mining areas are USA, Australia, Italy, Norway, Bolivia.
- Uses of Molybdenum:
- Used in steel, aircraft, missiles, filaments in electric heaters, lubricants and protective coatings in boiler plates.
- Additional Notes:
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References
A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.
Related Resources
- Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms. - Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality. - Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations. - Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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The elements of the periodic table sorted by atomic mass
click on any element's name for further information on chemical properties, environmental data or health effects.
This list contains the 118 elements of chemistry.
The chemical elements of the periodic chart sorted by: | Atomic Mass | Name chemical element | Symbol | Atomic number |
- Name alphabetically | 1.0079 | Hydrogen | H | 1 |
- Atomic number | 4.0026 | Helium | He | 2 |
- Symbol | 6.941 | Lithium | Li | 3 |
- Atomic Mass | 9.0122 | Beryllium | Be | 4 |
- Electronegativity | 10.811 | Boron | B | 5 |
- Density | 12.0107 | Carbon | C | 6 |
- Melting point | 14.0067 | Nitrogen | N | 7 |
- Boiling point | 15.9994 | Oxygen | O | 8 |
- Vanderwaals radius | 18.9984 | Fluorine | F | 9 |
- Year of discovery | 20.1797 | Neon | Ne | 10 |
- Inventor surname | 22.9897 | Sodium | Na | 11 |
- Elements in earthcrust | 24.305 | Magnesium | Mg | 12 |
- Elements in human body | 26.9815 | Aluminum | Al | 13 |
- Covalenz radius | 28.0855 | Silicon | Si | 14 |
- Ionization energy | 30.9738 | Phosphorus | P | 15 |
For chemistry students and teachers: The tabular chart on the right is arranged by Atomic mass (weight). The lightest chemical element is Hydrogen and the heaviest is Hassium. The unity for atomic mass is gram per mol. Please note that the elements do not show their natural relation towards each other as in the Periodic system. There you can find the metals, semi-conductor(s), non-metal(s), inert noble gas(ses), Halogens, Lanthanoides, Actinoids (rare earth elements) and transition metals. | 32.065 | Sulfur | S | 16 |
35.453 | Chlorine | Cl | 17 | |
39.0983 | Potassium | K | 19 | |
39.948 | Argon | Ar | 18 | |
40.078 | Calcium | Ca | 20 | |
44.9559 | Scandium | Sc | 21 | |
47.867 | Titanium | Ti | 22 | |
50.9415 | Vanadium | V | 23 | |
51.9961 | Chromium | Cr | 24 | |
54.938 | Manganese | Mn | 25 | |
55.845 | Iron | Fe | 26 | |
58.6934 | Nickel | Ni | 28 | |
58.9332 | Cobalt | Co | 27 | |
63.546 | Copper | Cu | 29 | |
65.39 | Zinc | Zn | 30 | |
69.723 | Gallium | Ga | 31 | |
72.64 | Germanium | Ge | 32 | |
74.9216 | Arsenic | As | 33 | |
78.96 | Selenium | Se | 34 | |
79.904 | Bromine | Br | 35 | |
83.8 | Krypton | Kr | 36 | |
85.4678 | Rubidium | Rb | 37 | |
87.62 | Strontium | Sr | 38 | |
88.9059 | Yttrium | Y | 39 | |
91.224 | Zirconium | Zr | 40 | |
92.9064 | Niobium | Nb | 41 | |
95.94 | Molybdenum | Mo | 42 | |
98 | Technetium | Tc | 43 | |
101.07 | Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | |
102.9055 | Rhodium | Rh | 45 | |
106.42 | Palladium | Pd | 46 | |
107.8682 | Silver | Ag | 47 | |
112.411 | Cadmium | Cd | 48 | |
114.818 | Indium | In | 49 | |
118.71 | Tin | Sn | 50 | |
121.76 | Antimony | Sb | 51 | |
126.9045 | Iodine | I | 53 | |
127.6 | Tellurium | Te | 52 | |
131.293 | Xenon | Xe | 54 | |
132.9055 | Cesium | Cs | 55 | |
137.327 | Barium | Ba | 56 | |
138.9055 | Lanthanum | La | 57 | |
140.116 | Cerium | Ce | 58 | |
140.9077 | Praseodymium | Pr | 59 | |
144.24 | Neodymium | Nd | 60 | |
145 | Promethium | Pm | 61 | |
150.36 | Samarium | Sm | 62 | |
151.964 | Europium | Eu | 63 | |
157.25 | Gadolinium | Gd | 64 | |
158.9253 | Terbium | Tb | 65 | |
162.5 | Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | |
164.9303 | Holmium | Ho | 67 | |
167.259 | Erbium | Er | 68 | |
168.9342 | Thulium | Tm | 69 | |
173.04 | Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | |
174.967 | Lutetium | Lu | 71 | |
178.49 | Hafnium | Hf | 72 | |
180.9479 | Tantalum | Ta | 73 | |
183.84 | Tungsten | W | 74 | |
186.207 | Rhenium | Re | 75 | |
190.23 | Osmium | Os | 76 | |
192.217 | Iridium | Ir | 77 | |
195.078 | Platinum | Pt | 78 | |
196.9665 | Gold | Au | 79 | |
200.59 | Mercury | Hg | 80 | |
204.3833 | Thallium | Tl | 81 | |
207.2 | Lead | Pb | 82 | |
208.9804 | Bismuth | Bi | 83 | |
209 | Polonium | Po | 84 | |
210 | Astatine | At | 85 | |
222 | Radon | Rn | 86 | |
223 | Francium | Fr | 87 | |
226 | Radium | Ra | 88 | |
227 | Actinium | Ac | 89 | |
231.0359 | Protactinium | Pa | 91 | |
232.0381 | Thorium | Th | 90 | |
237 | Neptunium | Np | 93 | |
238.0289 | Uranium | U | 92 | |
243 | Americium | Am | 95 | |
244 | Plutonium | Pu | 94 | |
247 | Curium | Cm | 96 | |
247 | Berkelium | Bk | 97 | |
251 | Californium | Cf | 98 | |
252 | Einsteinium | Es | 99 | |
257 | Fermium | Fm | 100 | |
258 | Mendelevium | Md | 101 | |
259 | Nobelium | No | 102 | |
261 | Rutherfordium | Rf | 104 | |
262 | Lawrencium | Lr | 103 | |
262 | Dubnium | Db | 105 | |
264 | Bohrium | Bh | 107 | |
266 | Seaborgium | Sg | 106 | |
268 | Meitnerium | Mt | 109 | |
272 | Roentgenium | Rg | 111 | |
277 | Hassium | Hs | 108 | |
Darmstadtium | Ds | 110 | ||
Copernicium | Cn | 112 | ||
Nihonium | Nh | 113 | ||
Flerovium | Fl | 114 | ||
Moscovium | Mc | 115 | ||
Livermorium | Lv | 116 | ||
Tennessine | Ts | 117 | ||
Oganesson | Og | 118 |
Click here: for a schematic overview of the periodic table of elements in chart form
Do you need to know the weight of some molecules? Try our Molecular Weight Calculator!
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